
Feroche Esthetics Newsletter March 2010 Vol. #1, Issue #2 Excerpt
So how can I tell you about the aging process and not put you to sleep with all the scientific mumbo jumbo? I’ll try to keep it short and to the point. If you want the nitty gritty just let me know and I’ll provide you with it, all 44 pages. The majority of this excerpt contains facts provided by Dermalogica's The Book.
According to a recent study by the American Academy of Dermatology, 94% of women are confused by anti-aging treatments on the market. Therefore, consumers are becoming much more product savvy since they are tired of spending premium dollars on false promises.
Wrinkles, uneven pigmentation, loss of skin tone, broken capillaries, dehydration are all physical manifestation of skin aging. Age related skin changes are the result of genetically-programmed changes (intrinsic factors) and environmental wear-and-tear on the skin (extrinsic factors). While both influence the skin’s structure and function, extrinsic factors cause more pronounced changes. Estimates state that 80-90% of what we see on our skin as adults is the result of exposure to daylight, which is referred to as photoaging. Manifestations of photoaging include an increase in wrinkle formation, a loss of tension and elasticity, degeneration of the vascular supply and skin thickness, a reduction in the water-binding properties of the skin, dilated capillaries (telangiectasis), hyperpigmentation and other skin discoloration. Bethany says: That is why it is very important to wear sunscreen and to avoid tanning beds.
While scientists attribute the majority of these structural changes to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, it has only been in recent years that they have come to understand the actual biochemical triggers that instigate these changes. These are chemical reactions that occur within the skin and include:
• Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Also known as free radicals (an electron that has lost its oxygen molecule). During times of environmental stress, ROS levels can increase causing damage to cell structures. This is the major cause of degenerative disorders including aging and disease. Studies have shown that UV-induced damage to the skin is in part caused by ROS. Lipid peroxidation also results from ROS damage to cell membranes, leading to premature aging, skin cancer and cell death.
• Glycation leading to Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs).
We now know that collagen and elastin proteins are highly susceptible to an internal chemical reaction within the body called glycation. This is a non-enzyme mediated reaction that takes place between free amino groups in proteins and a sugar such as glucose. The same glucose that provides energy for our cells can react with proteins (such as collagen), resulting in the formation of AGEs and ROSs; these contribute to cross-linking of protein fibers, the loss of elasticity and changes in the dermis associated with the aging process. We now know that inflammation is the catalyst critical to the aging process and many diseases. For example diabetics have characteristically high levels of sugar in their blood and suffer from numerous health issues which emanate from the formation of AGEs in the body. Hence, diabetes is considered a disease of accelerated aging due to the inflammation that arises from the formation of AGEs. This is not restricted to diabetes; muscle weakness, heart disease and many diseases of the brain are associated with glycation. Scientists now believe that reducing glycation is a means of slowing the aging process and disease formation.
• Activation of metalloproteinase enzymes (Matrix Metalloproteinases or MMPs) with a subsequent decline in collagen biosynthesis.
MMPs are enzymes that control tissue degradation in the dermis. When stimulated (by internal growth factors, inflammatory modulators and exposure to UV radiation) they break down the collagen and elastin in the dermis inhibiting any new collagen formation.
What is happening below the surface of the skin?
• Biosynthesis of new collagen and elastin slows.
• Cross-linking of collagen.
• Impaired barrier function leads to dehydration.
• Cell turn-over and cell renewal slows.
• Epidermis thins, Stratum Corneum thickens.
• Erratic melanin formation (age spots, hyper/hypopigmentation)
• Inflammation
What can be done to help control the biochemical reactions that lead to skin aging?
• Antioxidants to fight Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS-free radical) damage
Normally the body can handle free radical with the use of antioxidants. Antioxidants include vitamins, enzymes and even proteins that can be found naturally in the body or ingested as part of our diet. If antioxidants are in short supply, or if the free radical damage is excessive, damage to the cells and tissue will occur.
• Inhibit MMPs
Natural MMP inhibitors exist in skin, but as expected, they decline with age. MMPs may be inhibited by topical agents, such as retinoids. For best results, one should use a product that controls MMPs while stimulating collagen, elastin and Hyaluronic Acid biosynthesis.
• Create “sugar traps” or cross-link breakers to control the formation of AGEs
Controlling the formation of AGEs is a relatively new field of research; apparently the best means of controlling AGEs is to interfere with their formation. Studies have shown that a peptide molecule known as Arginine/Lysine polypeptide can bind sugar, preventing it from reacting with proteins and triggering cross-linking of collagen. This peptide molecule acts as a sugar trap, binding to the sugar in the body, making it unable to react with proteins.
At the International Dermal Institute, they have researched the changes that occur during skin aging and what they can realistically do for this pre-existing condition. Instead of focusing on treating just the manifestations of skin aging (wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, loss of elasticity, etc), they focused their efforts on understanding how they may impact the biochemical reactions that manifest these changes to stop them before they start. This research has resulted in the development of AGE Smart, a system of retail and professional products designed to specifically treat and control the structural manifestation associated with skin aging and biological triggers that lead to these changes, as well as treat the visible signs of skin aging so skin is smoother, firmer and healthier. Keeping with the Dermalogica commitment to purity, all products are non-comedogenic and free of lanolin, mineral oil, S.D. alcohol, artificial colors and fragrances, and are packaged in hygienic, contamination-free packaging.